Water for Injection -Dosage, Side Effects and Uses

Water for Injection Description

This preparation is designed solely for parenteral use only after addition to drugs that require dilution or must be dissolved in an aqueous vehicle prior to injection.
Sterile Water for Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic preparation of Water for Injection which contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer and is supplied only in single dose containers to dilute or dissolve drugs for injection.  For IV injection, add sufficient amount to a solute to make an approximately isotonic solution. pH 5.0 to 7.0.
Water for Injection, USP is chemically designated H2O.

Water for Injection Dosage and Administration

Water for Injection dosage volume of the preparation to be used for diluting or dissolving any drug for injection, is dependent on the vehicle concentration, dose and route of administration as recommended by the manufacturer.
Use aseptic technique for single entry and withdrawal from all containers.  Single dose vials should be entered just once.
When diluting or dissolving drugs, mix thoroughly and use promptly.
Do not store reconstituted solutions of drugs for injection unless otherwise directed by the manufacturer of the solute.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

Indications and Usage for Water for Injection

Water for Injection Use parenteral preparation is indicated only for diluting or dissolving drugs for intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, according to instructions of the manufacturer of the drug to be administered.

Contraindications

Sterile Water for Injection must be made approximately isotonic prior to use.

Warning of Water for Injection

Do not use for intravenous injection unless adjusted to approximate isotonicity with a suitable solute. Hemolysis may occur following infusion of Sterile Water for Injection, USP. Hemoglobin induced renal failure has been reported following hemolysis.
This solution is for compounding only, not for direct infusion. Hemolysis may occur following infusion of Sterile Water for Injection, USP. Hemoglobin induced renal failure has been reported following hemolysis.
Water for Injection online contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.
Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 µg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

Storage

Water for Injection Store equipment indicated for the parts of the system that come into contact with the water should be of 316L stainless steel, ideally with internal surfaces polished to below 0.8 µm (ASME BPE). Other materials may be used such as polypropylene for example, however these systems have limitations and are rarely used. All elements in contact with the water must be of the sanitary type, and connections must be made by orbital welding or be tri-clamp connections.